RAM (random-access memory) serves as the CPU and GPU’s short-term workspace, storing active data and instructions. When you open applications, load files, or browse the web, those assets are cached in RAM. If you run out of RAM, your system resorts to slower storage (SSD or HDD), causing noticeable lag and stuttering. For light productivity—email, spreadsheets, light web multitasking—8 GB may suffice. For heavier multitasking (20+ browser tabs, virtual machines, large Photoshop files) or professional apps (video editing, 3D rendering), 16–32 GB is recommended. Furthermore, on systems with integrated graphics, faster RAM speeds (e.g., 3200 MHz vs. 2666 MHz) can meaningfully improve graphical performance because the GPU draws from system memory.